How on-record replies are given and published

What broadcast codes and editorial standards say about asking the subject of a story to respond before publication: timing, detail and record keeping.

How reply laws reach broadcasters, news websites and large social media accounts in the EU, Germany, Spain, Brazil and Mexico, with deadlines.

How France, Germany, Spain, the EU and the US treat the right of reply in law, with deadlines, length limits and court routes from official texts.

What a right of reply is, who can use it, what a medium must publish and when it may refuse, based on Council of Europe texts, EU law and national laws.

How Brazil's direito de resposta works under Law 13.188 of 2015: 60-day request window, 7-day publication period, court rite and the 2021 ruling.

How the German Gegendarstellung works under state press laws and the Medienstaatsvertrag, with deadlines, length rules and court routes.

How Mexico's derecho de réplica works under the 2015 law: request deadlines, publication rules, refusal grounds, fines and the 2018 court ruling.

Rules on where and how a reply must appear: same prominence, same typeface, no comment, archive links, Command Papers and tabled responses.

Answer deadlines for written parliamentary questions in the UK, Canada, Australia and British Columbia, and what happens when a minister does not reply.

Deadlines and forms for government replies to committee reports in the UK, Canada, Australia, India, the EU and the US, from standing orders and laws.

How bodies reply to ombudsman findings in the EU, UK, Scotland and Ireland: comment rights, three-month opinions and special reports to parliament.

Deadlines for state replies to UN treaty body communications, special procedures letters and the Universal Periodic Review, with 2024 reply figures.

What 'declined to comment', 'did not respond' and 'chose not to appear' mean under broadcast codes and editorial standards, and how silence is reported.

Signature thresholds and response deadlines for petitions in the UK, Canada, the EU citizens' initiative, Scotland and the Australian Senate.

Plain definitions of official notices that invite a reply in enforcement cases, from warning notices to statements of objections and FDA letters.

How replies to a statement of objections work at the European Commission and the UK CMA: time limits, file access, oral hearings and extensions.

How firms respond to FDA inspection observations and warning letters: the 15 working day request, close-out letters and posting replies online.

How the reply step works before a regulator decides: US Wells submissions, UK warning notices and EU statements of objections.

How the FCA, PRA, Information Commission, CMA and Ofcom must let firms reply before a penalty: notice types, minimum periods and oral hearings.

How the SEC, CFTC and FINRA Wells process works: what the notice says, time to reply, page limits, meetings and who reads the reply.